Inbuilt SharePoint provides some predefined list of templates like Announcements,Calendar,Picture Library,Links...etc. If none of templates are meeting you requirement, you can create your own custom list instance and define columns/views for the list. This list is called Custom List.
In-order to create new custom list, Go to Site Contents -> Add an App -> Select Custom List -> Provide Name for Your Custom list.After creating list, add columns and views to it.
Create Column/View for List: Open created Custom List -> List Settings -> Create Column/View
Note: By default every Custom List will have 5 columns (Title, Modified, Created, Created By and Modified By).